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Hutang di Zaman Sukarno

Saking jengkelnya sama orang-orang yang memitoskan Soekarno, terpaksa saya bongkar-bongkar arsip laporan ekonomi tentang Indonesia tahun-tahun jadul. Untung saya punya laporan Survey of Recent Development dari bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. ANU sejak 1960an. Itu laporan yang ditulis "saksi mata" Heinz Arndt dan pak Pang Lay Kim pada tahun yg sama ketika kejadian berlangsung.

Mereka yang mempropagandakan Soekarno tau bahwa gak banyak yang belajar sejarah ekonomi Indonesia tahun 1960an. Itu kan sudah setengah abad silam. Bahkan waktu itu saya masih balita (terpaksa deh bongkar umur huh frown emoticon )

Siapa sih yang benar-benar paham beratnya beban yang ditanggung rakyat kecil di tahun 1960an? GDP cuma tumbuh 2% per tahun. Harga-harga naik 600% per tahun. Seandainya inflasi 600% itu terjadi saat ini, harga beras sekarang Rp 10,000/kg, bulan depan Rp. 11600, tahun depan sudah Rp. 60,000/kg. Megawati tentu tidak merasakan itu wong tinggal di Istana, sekolah di Menteng. 




Bagaimana dengan utang? ... ya betul ... utang. Coba baca pernyataan Sri Sultan yang menanggung beban berat melakukan negosiasi utang luar negeri Indonesia waktu itu (lihat capture di bawah)

Soekarno mewariskan utang pokok sebesar $2.4 bilyun, kecil banget untuk ukuran jaman ini, tapi PDB Indonesia tahun 1966 cuma $1.4 bilyun. Berarti utang Indonesia saat itu hampir 2x lipat PDB. Sebagian besar utang itu dari Uni Soviet (60%) dan tidak dipakai untuk menyejahterakan rakyat tapi dipakai untuk belanja militer dan proyek mercusuar

Waktu itu Indonesia harus bayar cicilan utang dan bunga $530 juta/tahun, sementara dapet dolar dari ekspor cuma $430 juta/tahun. Buat bayar cicilan dan bunga utang aja gak mampu. Indonesia praktis bangkrut waktu itu.

Siapa yang mau kembali ke jaman itu?




Penulis: Haryo Aswicahyono

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