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SP VS SNP (Con’t 3 – Pengujian normalitas)

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20/02/2021
 
Kawan2 dari Sabang s/d Merauke,
Subject: SP VS SNP (Con’t 3 – Pengujian normalitas)
Pengujian normalitas merupakan aktivitas sentral dari setiap analisis SP. Yang dimaksud adalah pengujian hipotesis bahwa “sekelompok n buah data berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal” dengan tingkat signifikansi ALPHA tertentu.
Secara formal, hipotesis H dan alternatifnya adalah sbb.
H: data berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal
A: data BUKAN berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal
Bagaimana cara mengujinya? Banyak cara! Diantara sekian banyak cara, uji AD (Anderson-Darling) adalah yang paling populer. Ia digunakan secara luas dalam berbagai bidang studi. Sepuluh tahun yang lalu peneliti dari Malaysia (Razali dan Wah) menunjukkan keunggulan uji AD dibandingkan dengan beberapa uji lainnya. Simak artikel mereka yang terbit di Journal of Statistical Modelling and Analytics.
Bagi para praktisi, untuk mempraktikkan penggunaan uji AD, gunakan saja software statistik yang banyak tersedia. Di bawah ini saya berikan 3 buah contoh penggunaan uji tsb dengan bantuan MINITAB berturut-turut untuk n = 10 (small sample size), 30 (moderate sample size) dan 100 (large sample size).
Output nya berupa 3 buah foto yang cantik2 disajikan di lampiran. Pencantuman foto2 seperti itu dalam manuscript Anda akan menambah daya pikat bagi para reviewers dan para pembaca. Pada foto2 itu, di pojok kanan atas, tertera nilai2 berikut: (1) Sample mean, (2) Sample standard deviation, (3) Sample size, (4) AD, dan (5) p-Value.
Foto2 itu beserta legenda (1) – (5) menyajikan informasi sbb.
1. Titik2 data semuanya berada di dalam daerah konfidensi 95%. Artinya, tidak ada outlier
2. Pola umum data mengikuti pola garis lurus. Ini adalah indikasi bahwa H tidak ditolak
3. p-Value lebih besar dari 5%. Ini bermakna H tidak ditolak pada ALPHA 5%
Nah, informasi ini membisikkan kepada kita bahwa hipotesis “data berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal” tsb diatas TIDAK ditolak untuk ALPHA 5%.
Bagi yang memerlukan, berikut ini saya berikan langkah2 mengaktifkan MINITAB untuk menguji H VS A.
1. Masuk ke dalam system MINITAB
2. Ketik dataset yang akan diuji di salah satu kolom yang tersedia. Misalnya kita pilih kolom C1
3. Click “Graph”
4. Click “Probability Plot…”
5. Pilih “Single”. Lalu click OK
6. Ketik C1 di window “Graph variables:”. Lalu click OK
7. Sekejap kemudian, di layar monitor muncul gambar seperti pada lampiran
8. Selesai
Mudah & enjoyable, bukan?
Catatan:
Ingin install MINITAB? Sila googling saja, lalu download. Gratis!
Referensi:
Razali, N., dan Wah, B. (2011). Power comparison of Shaphiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors, and Anderson-Darling tests. Journal of Statistical Modelling and Analytics, 2, p. 21-33.
Semoga bermanfaat.
Selamat berkarya,
Maman A. Djauhari (Pensiun dari ITB tahun 2009)

 

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